Sarcoma folicular de células dendríticas mediastinal: primer reporte de caso en Costa Rica / Mediastinal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: First Case Report in Costa Rica

El sarcoma folicular de células dendríticas (SFCD) es una neoplasia maligna rara derivada de las células dendríticas foliculares. Ha sido clasificado, dadas sus características inmunohistoquímicas, como parte del grupo de los sarcomas, donde representa un porcentaje menor al 1%. Actualmente, existen menos de 1.000 reportes en la literatura a nivel mundial, lo cual plantea una dificultad no sólo diagnóstica, siendo confundido frecuentemente con neoplasias de tipo linfoide; sino también terapéutica al no existir un claro consenso sobre su manejo definitivo. Esta revisión de caso clínico describe el primer caso reportado de SFCD en Costa Rica.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (SFCD) is a rare malignant neoplasm derived from follicular dendritic cells, which has been classified, given its immunohistochemical characteristics, as part of the group of sarcomas, where it represents less than 1%. Currently, there are less than 1000 reports in the literature worldwide, which generates a difficulty not only in diagnosis, being frequently confused with lymphoid type neoplasms; but also, as therapeutic as there is no clear consensus on its definitive management. This clinical case review describes the first reported case of SFCD in Costa Rica.

Obesidad: alternativas al paradigma pesocéntrico y patologizante. Primera entrega / Obesity: alternatives to the weight-centric and pathologizing paradigm. First part

Si bien para los médicos la obesidad es una palabra técnica, para muchas personas tiene la implicaría de un largo sufrimiento en relación a su cuerpo. Históricamente, la medicina tradicional se ha comportado como una barrera en la atención a las personas con exceso de peso debido a la gordofobia y a una perspectiva reduccionista pesocentrista. Es preocupante que las ciencias y prácticas de la salud aún tengan esta mirada sobre la gordura, ya que supone un sesgo que impide que las personas sean atendidas integralmente, vulnerando sus derechos en nombre de una preocupación médica y anteponiendo el descenso de peso frente a otras necesidades de los pacientes. Este artículo, si bien intenta modestamente abrir una reflexión filosófica sobre el cuerpo, la medicina hegemónica y la enfermedad, también tiene como objetivo brindar herramientas técnicas y no técnicas para abordar la obesidad desde otro lugar. En esta primera entrega, desarrollaremos el abordaje integral de la persona con cuerpo gordo. La segunda entrega estará enfocada en los tratamientos farmacológicos, no farmacológicos y quirúrgicos de la obesidad. (AI)

Although obesity is a technical word for doctors, it implies long-term suffering in relation to their bodies for many people. Historically, traditional medicine has behaved as a barrier in caring for people with excess weight due to fatphobia and aweight-centric reductionist perspective. It is worrying that health sciences and practices still have this view of fatness, sinceit implies a bias that prevents people from being thoroughly cared for, violating their rights in the name of medical concernand putting weight loss before other patients' needs. This article modestly attempts to open a philosophical reflection about the body, hegemonic medicine, and disease, while also aiming to provide technical and non-technical tools to approach obesity. In this first part, we will explain the comprehensive approach to the person with a fat body. The second part will focus on pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical treatments for obesity. (AU)

Nutritional assessment of servicemen in relation to area of duty and feeding habits: a Pakistani prospective / Avaliação nutricional de militares em relação à área de dever e hábitos alimentares: uma perspectiva paquistanesa

The present study was carried out to determine incidence of overweight and obesity in Pakistani servicemen with reference to their area of duty, feeding habits and also to identify risk factors. Accordingly, 2,501 servicemen selected from all over Pakistan using multiple stage stratified sampling protocol. Nutrition assessment performed using body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 25. Regression was used to find risk factors of obesity and WHR. Results indicated that about 1/4th of servicemen were smokers. Approximately, 1/5th of them were overweight and about one quarter were eating fruits and vegetables for <3 days/ week and <4 days/week, respectively. Only 1/3rd of them were physically active for at least <40 minutes per day. Age and fruits intake were significantly predicting BMI with a direct relation and vegetable intake was negatively correlated to BMI of the servicemen. Age and rank were significant predictors of WHR while, physical activity was negatively correlated to WHR. It is concluded and suggested from our study that there is a need to modify eating patterns and habits as well as improving physical activity on daily basis for healthy and long life of the servicemen.

O presente estudo foi realizado para determinar a incidência de sobrepeso e obesidade em militares paquistaneses com referência à sua área de serviço, hábitos alimentares e também para identificar fatores de risco. Assim, 2.501 militares selecionados de todo o Paquistão usando protocolo de amostragem estratificada de múltiplos estágios. Avaliação nutricional realizada por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ) e avaliação alimentar por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio do SPSS versão 25. A regressão foi usada para encontrar fatores de risco para obesidade e RCQ. Os resultados indicaram que cerca de 1/4 dos militares eram fumantes. Aproximadamente, 1/5 deles estava com sobrepeso e cerca de um quarto comia frutas e vegetais por <3 dias / semana e <4 dias / semana, respectivamente. Apenas 1/3 deles era fisicamente ativo por pelo menos <40 minutos por dia. Idade e ingestão de frutas foram preditores significativos do IMC com uma relação direta e ingestão de vegetais foi negativamente correlacionada com o IMC dos militares. Idade e posição foram preditores significativos de RCQ, enquanto a atividade física foi negativamente correlacionada com RCQ. Conclui-se e sugere-se a partir de nosso estudo que há necessidade de modificar os padrões e hábitos alimentares, bem como melhorar a atividade física no dia a dia para uma vida longa e saudável dos militares.

Síndrome de Bardet Biedl: a propósito de un caso / Bardet Biedl syndrome: a case report

El síndrome de Bardet Biedl es un síndrome genético de herencia autosómica recesiva con compromiso multisistémico y gran variabilidad en su presentación clínica; son características la obesidad, la polidactilia, el hipogonadismo y las alteraciones renales, visuales y cognitivas. Pertenece a las llamadas ciliopatías. El diagnóstico es clínico y puede ser confirmado por estudios genéticos. No existe un tratamiento específico de la patología; se requiere un abordaje multidisciplinario. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 13 años con obesidad e hiperfagia, diabetes tipo 2, hipotiroidismo, polidactilia, alteraciones del aprendizaje y alteraciones visuales. Se le realizó un panel genético para obesidad en el que se detectaron dos variantes heterocigotas patológicas en el gen BBS2.

Bardet Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive ciliopathie. It is a pleiotropic disorder characterised by retinal dystrophy, renal dysfunction, polydactyly, obesity, cognitive deficitand hypogenitalism. Diagnosis is based on clinical features. Molecular genetic testing is available. There is no specific treatment, a multidisciplinary approach is required. We report the case of a 13-year-old female patient with obesity and hyperphagia, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, polydactyly,cognitive deficit and visual impairment. A multigenic panel allowed the identification of two heterozygous pathogenic variants in the BBS2 gene.

Fatores de riscos cardiovasculares de estudantes do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade particular / Cardiovascular ricks factors of nursing students at a private university / Factores de riesgo cardiovascular de los estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada

Introdução: Os riscos de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares são altamente prevalentes em indivíduos idosos, contudo essa condição tem crescido de maneira preocupante em adultos jovens, principalmente em acadêmicos de graduação. Essa condição pode estar relacionada a vários comportamentos de risco, associados às doenças cardiovasculares, como má alimentação, baixos níveis de atividade física, sobrepeso, etc. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência dos riscos cardiovasculares em acadêmicos do Curso de Enfermagem de uma universidade particular do Sudoeste do Paraná. Metodologia: Pesquisa transversal, realizada em acadêmicos do Curso de Enfermagem de uma universidade particular do Sudoeste do Paraná. Avaliaram-se 99 acadêmicos do Curso de Enfermagem, que assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados um formulário eletrônico, disponibilizado nos endereços eletrônicos, WhatsApp e Classroom dos acadêmicos. O instrumento continha questões sobre autorrelato de medidas antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferência de cintura) e pressão arterial, além de questões objetivas sobre consumo de álcool, medicamentos, doença existente, nível de atividade física habitual e bem-estar geral. Para análise dos dados, empregou-se estatística descritiva e Teste U de Mann- Withney, com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que nos fatores de riscos cardiovasculares de Índice de Massa Corporal, Pressão Arterial e Circunferência Abdominal, os acadêmicos apresentaram valores médios adequados de acordo com tabelas normativas, cujos dados dos homens foram significativamente maiores em todas as variáveis analisadas (p<0,05). Para hábito de fumar e consumo de álcool diário, observou-se percentual baixo (3% e 2%, respectivamente). Verificou-se que 28,3% dos estudantes relataram ter alguma doença preexistente e 58,6% informaram fazer uso contínuo de alguma medicação. Observou-se, ainda, os percentuais de inadequação para pressão arterial (6,5%), Circunferência Abdominal (27%), Índice de Massa Corporal (28,3%) e Nível de Atividades Físicas Habitual (46,6%). A agregação de dois e quatro ou mais fatores de risco foi mais prevalente em mulheres, ao passo que os homens apresentaram maior agregação e três fatores. Conclusão: Os universitários do Curso de Enfermagem analisado apresentaram percentuais importantes de fatores de riscos cardiovasculares, principalmente em relação ao estado de sobrepeso ou obesidade e sedentarismo.

Introduction: The risks of developing cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in elderly individuals, however, this condition has grown alarmingly in young adults, especially in undergraduate students. This condition may be due to various risk behaviors associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as poor diet, low levels of physical activity, overweight, etc. Objective: To identify the prevalence of cardiovascular risks in undergraduate Nursing students at a private university in the southwest of Paraná. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional research, carried out in Nursing students from a private university in the Southwest of Paraná. 99 students of the Nursing Course were evaluated, who signed the Informed Consent Term. An electronic form was used for data collection, available at the academic addresses, WhatsApp and Classroom. The instrument contained self-reported anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) and blood pressure, and objective questions about alcohol consumption, medication, existing disease, habitual physical activity level and well be general. For data analysis, was used descriptive statistics and Mann-Withney U test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: It was observed that in the cardiovascular risk factors of body mass index, blood pressure and waist circumference, the students presented adequate average values according to normative tables, and the data of men were significantly higher in all variables analyzed (p <0.05). For smoking habits and daily alcohol consumption, a low percentage was observed (3% and 2% respectively). It was found that 28.3% of the students reported having a pre-existing disease and 58.6% reported making continuous use of some medication. It also observed the percentage of inadequacy for blood pressure (6.5%), waist circumference (27%), Body Mass Index (28.3%) and habitual physical activity level (46.6%). The aggregation of two and, four or more risk factors was more prevalent in women, whereas men showed greater aggregation and three factors. Conclusion: The university students of the analyzed nursing course presented important percentages of cardiovascular risk factors, mainly in relation to the state of overweight or obesity and physical inactivity.

Introducción: Los riesgos de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares son altamente prevalentes en individuos de edad avanzada, sin embargo esta condición ha ido aumentando de manera preocupante en adultos jóvenes, especialmente en estudiantes de pregrado. Esta afección puede estar relacionada con varios comportamientos de riesgo asociados a las enfermedades cardiovasculares, como la mala alimentación, los bajos niveles de actividad física, el sobrepeso, etc. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de riesgos cardiovasculares en estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería de una universidad privada del suroeste de Paraná. Metodología: Investigación transversal, realizada en académicos del Curso de Enfermería de una universidad particular del Sudoeste de Paraná. El estudio evaluó a 99 estudiantes de enfermería que firmaron el formulario de consentimiento libre e informado. Para la recogida de datos, se utilizó un formulario electrónico que se puso a disposición de los alumnos en sus direcciones electrónicas, WhatsApp y Aula. El instrumento contenía preguntas sobre las medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, perímetro de la cintura) y la presión arterial declaradas por el propio paciente, así como preguntas objetivas sobre el consumo de alcohol, la medicación, las enfermedades existentes, el nivel de actividad física habitual y el bienestar general. Para el análisis de los datos se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas y la prueba U de Mann-Withney, con un nivel de significación de p<0,05. Resultados: Se observó que en los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de Índice de Masa Corporal, Presión Arterial y Circunferencia Abdominal, los académicos mostraron valores medios adecuados según tablas normativas, cuyos datos de los hombres fueron significativamente mayores en todas las variables analizadas (p<0,05). En cuanto al hábito de fumar y al consumo diario de alcohol, se observó un bajo porcentaje (3% y 2%, respectivamente). Se comprobó que el 28,3% de los estudiantes declaró tener alguna enfermedad preexistente y el 58,6% informó del uso continuo de algún medicamento. También se observaron los porcentajes de inadecuación para la presión arterial (6,5%), el perímetro abdominal (27%), el índice de masa corporal (28,3%) y el nivel de actividad física habitual (46,6%). La agregación de dos y cuatro o más factores de riesgo fue más frecuente en las mujeres, mientras que los hombres mostraron una mayor agregación y tres factores. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de pregrado del Curso de Enfermería analizados presentaron porcentajes importantes de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente en relación con el estado de sobrepeso u obesidad y el sedentarismo.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la obesidad en adultos mexicanos: cambios entre 2006 y 2018 / Diagnosis and treatment of obesity in Mexican adults: changes between 2006 and 2018

Introducción: A nivel global ha existido un incremento en el peso corporal. Ante ello, se han implementado programas para diagnosticar y tratar la obesidad. Se requiere documentar si dichos programas han propiciado que las personas con obesidad reciban diagnóstico y tratamiento eficaz. Objetivo: Determinar y comparar los cambios entre 2006 y 2018 en las prevalencias de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la obesidad y pérdida intencional de peso en adultos mexicanos e identificar si en este periodo existieron cambios en las disparidades sociales en dichos eventos. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron las bases de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de México realizada en 2006 (N=26.738) y 2018 (N= 12.205), Los eventos fueron diagnóstico y tratamiento de obesidad y de pérdida intencional de peso en adultos mexicanos con IMC > 30. Las variables independientes fueron: sexo, edad, índice de masa corporal, nivel socioeconómico y región geográfica. Resultados: De 2006 a 2018, aumentó la prevalencia de personas con obesidad que recibieron diagnóstico (de 20,4% a 51,1%) o tratamiento (de 8,3% a 21,4%). La prevalencia de pérdida intencional de peso también aumentó (de 5,5% a 10,0%), pero esto básicamente ocurrió en las personas con nivel socioeconómico alto. En modelos multivariados se observó que, las mujeres, las personas con mayor IMC y quienes tenían mayor nivel socioeconómico tuvieron mayor probabilidad de recibir diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: Aunque en México el acceso a diagnóstico y tratamiento a la obesidad se ha incrementado, la prevalencia de pérdida intencional de peso es baja, además, persisten disparidades socioeconómicas en estos eventos(AU)

Introduction: Worldwide, there has been an increase in body weight. Because of this, programs have been implemented to diagnose and treat obesity. It is required to document whether these programs have led people with obesity to receive effective diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To determine and compare the changes between 2006 and 2018 in the prevalences of diagnosis and treatment of obesity and intentional weight loss among Mexican adults and to identify whether there were changes in the social disparities in these events during this period. Materials and methods: The databases of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Mexico carried out in 2006 (N=26,738) and 2018 (N= 12,205) were analyzed. The events were diagnosis and treatment of obesity and intentional weight loss in Mexican adults with BMI > 30. The independent variables were sex, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and geographic region. Results: From 2006 to 2018, the prevalence of people with obesity who received the diagnosis (from 20.4% to 51.1%) or treatment (from 8.3% to 21.4%) increased. The prevalence of intentional weight loss also increased (from 5.5% to 10.0%), but this was mainly in people with high socioeconomic status, Multivariate regression models revealed that, women, people with a higher BMI, and those with a higher socioeconomic status were more likely to receive diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: Although in Mexico access to diagnosis and treatment of obesity has increased, the prevalence of intentional weight loss is low,In addition, socioeconomic disparities persist in these events(AU)

Protocolo de Manejo de Cirugía Metabólica y Bariátrica del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín / Management Protocol for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital

1. INTRODUCCIÓN. La obesidad mórbida es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial asociada a complicaciones físicas y psicológicas que empeoran la calidad de vida de los pacientes y disminuyen su esperanza de vida; es un problema sanitario de primera magnitud debido al incremento de esta patología en Ecuador y a las dificultades que entraña su prevención y tratamiento. La cirugía de la obesidad es compleja, no exenta de complicaciones, cuyo objetivo es reducir de manera significativa las comorbilidades asociadas y mejorar el bienestar de los pacientes, cuya técnica quirúrgica sea fácil de reproducir, con porcentajes de revisión bajos y que constituya un tratamiento eficaz y seguro para la obesidad clínicamente grave, con evidencia que demuestra reducción de la mortalidad por todas las causas, mejoría en la expectativa y calidad de vida de los pacientes1.

1. INTRODUCTION. Morbid obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with physical and psychological complications that worsen the quality of life of patients and decrease their life expectancy; it is a health problem of the first magnitude due to the increase of this pathology in Ecuador and the difficulties involved in its prevention and treatment. Obesity surgery is complex, not exempt of complications, whose objective is to significantly reduce associated comorbidities and improve the well-being of patients, whose surgical technique is easy to reproduce, with low revision percentages and that constitutes an effective and safe treatment for clinically severe obesity, with evidence that shows a reduction in all-cause mortality, improvement in life expectancy and quality of life of patients1.

Reference Equation for the Six-Minute Walk Test in Brazilian Patients with Obesity

Abstract Background: Obesity has repercussions on functional capacity (FC). The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a useful tool for assessing submaximal FC, and the distance reached at 6 minutes of walking (D6MW) is a relevant prognostic marker. Objective: This paper aims to establish a reference equation for the distance predicted in 6MWT in obese Brazilian subjects. Methods: This study included 460 patients (306 women), with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, 71% (328) of whom presented a grade III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 Kg/m²) and were evaluated with 6MWT. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and Borg scale perception of effort were recorded before and after the 6MWT. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, an unpaired T-Test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression were used, together with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: Gender, age, and BMI were significantly correlated with D6MW and were identified by multiple linear regression as the best predictors of the D6MW. Together, they explain 48.7% of the D6MW variance for obese Brazilian subjects. Based on these findings, an equation was proposed - D6MW = 930.138 + (27.130 x Genderfemales = 0; males = 1) − (5.550 x BMI kg/m2) − (4.442 x Age years). When the average of the D6MW obtained with the above equation was compared to the average calculated with the equations described in medical literature for healthy and obese individuals, the latter tended to overestimate the D6MW. Conclusion: The proposed reference equation exhibited better assessment of FC in obese Brazilian patients, providing proper subsidies for the follow up ofinterventions in this population..

Correlação da circunferência do pescoço com fatores de risco cardiovascular / Correlación de la circunferencia del cuello con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular / Correlation of neck circumference with cardiovascular risk factors

Objetivo investigar a correlação da circunferência do pescoço com outros parâmetros antropométricos, com a pressão arterial, com a glicemia capilar e com fatores de risco modificáveis e não modificáveis presentes. Método estudo transversal descritivo, com pacientes de uma policlínica, mediante aplicação de questionário semiestruturado. Circunferência do pescoço aferida considerando posição natural da cabeça, entre ponto médio cervical e do pescoço anterior. Risco cardiovascular determinado pela medida da circunferência abdominal e pelos fatores de risco modificáveis ou não modificáveis. Resultados encontradas correlações positivas entre circunferência do pescoço e índice de massa muscular, circunferência abdominal, pressão arterial sistólica, glicemia capilar e idade, além de ter sido identificado alto risco cardiovascular na maioria dos participantes do sexo masculino, com tendência de medida ser maior em indivíduos com hipertensão, diabetes e dislipidemias. Conclusão circunferência do pescoço correlacionou-se significativamente com índice de massa corpórea, circunferência abdominal, pressão sistólica, glicemia capilar e idade.

Objetivo investigar la correlación de la circunferencia del cuello con otros parámetros antropométricos, con la presión arterial, la glucemia capilar y con los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables presentes. Método estudio descriptivo transversal, con pacientes de una policlínica, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado. Circunferencia del cuello medida considerando la posición natural de la cabeza, entre el punto medio cervical y el cuello anterior. Riesgo cardiovascular determinado por la medición de la circunferencia abdominal y factores de riesgo modificables o no modificables. Resultados se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre la circunferencia del cuello y el índice de masa muscular, la circunferencia abdominal, la presión arterial sistólica, la glucemia capilar y la edad, además de haber sido identificado un alto riesgo cardiovascular en la mayoría de los participantes masculinos, con tendencia a ser mayor en individuos con hipertensión, diabetes y dislipidemias. Conclusión la circunferencia del cuello se correlacionó significativamente con el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia abdominal, la presión sistólica, la glucemia capilar y la edad.

Objective to investigate the correlation of neck circumference with other anthropometric parameters, with blood pressure, capillary glycemia and with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors present. Method descriptive cross-sectional study, with patients from a polyclinic, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire. Neck circumference was measured considering the natural position of the head, between cervical midpoint and anterior neck. Cardiovascular risk was determined by measurement of abdominal circumference and modifiable or non-modifiable risk factors. Results positive correlations were found between neck circumference and muscle mass index, abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, capillary glycemia and age, besides identifying high cardiovascular risk in most male participants, with a tendency to be higher in individuals with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemias. Conclusion neck circumference was significantly correlated with body mass index, abdominal circumference, systolic pressure, capillary glycemia and age.

Which anthropometric measures best identify excess weight in older adults? / Quais medidas antropométricas apresentam melhor desempenho para identificar excesso de peso em idosos?

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with excess weight in older adults according to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), as well as to measure the differences between the prevalences estimated by WC and WtHR in relation to BMI. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 ­ 2017 with 549 older adults (72­102 years) from Campinas and Ermelino Matarazzo, two cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Excess weight was defined according to cut-off points established for older adults. Multiple Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The overweight/obesity prevalences were 47.36% (BMI), 61.38% (WC) and 65.57% (WtHR), being higher in women and in those with hypertension, diabetes, polypharmacy, and normal calf circumference. They were also higher in the youngest age strata (BMI and WC), in those with arthritis/rheumatism (BMI), and in those with slow gait (WtHR). The estimated overweight/obesity prevalences according to WC and WtHR were 29.00% and 38.00% higher, respectively, than BMI. In the multiple model, there was a higher prevalence of adiposity among diabetics and those with normal calf circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Measures of abdominal adiposity provided a better diagnosis of excess weight. We recommended that health professionals consider using WtHR in anthropometric assessment of older adults, especially regarding adiposity

OBJETIVOS: Estimar as prevalências e os fatores associados ao excesso de peso em idosos, segundo índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC) e razão cintura-estatura (RCE); mensurar as diferenças entre as prevalências estimadas pela CC e RCE, em relação ao IMC. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal com 549 idosos (72 ­ 102 anos), realizado em Campinas (SP) e Ermelino Matarazzo (SP) em 2016-17. A definição de excesso de peso baseou-se em pontos de corte propostos para idosos. Utilizou-se análise múltipla de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: As prevalências de excesso de peso atingiram 47,36% (IMC), 61,38% (CC) e 65,57% (RCE) e foram maiores nas mulheres, nos hipertensos, nos diabéticos, nos polimedicados e naqueles com circunferência da panturrilha (CP) adequada. Foram também superiores nos mais jovens (IMC e CC), naqueles com artrite/reumatismo (IMC) e com lentidão da marcha (RCE). A prevalência de excesso de peso estimada pela CC foi 29,00% maior e pela RCE 38,00% maior em relação ao IMC. No modelo múltiplo, observaram-se maiores prevalências de adiposidade nos diabéticos e nos idosos com CP adequada. CONCLUSÕES: As medidas de adiposidade abdominal melhor diagnosticaram o excesso de peso. Recomenda-se que profissionais da saúde considerem o uso da RCE para a avaliação antropométrica de idosos, especialmente de adiposidade.

Características craneofaciales de pacientes obesos en Chile. Estudio Preliminar / Craniofacial characteristics of obese patients in Chile. Preliminary study

Resumen Introducción: La obesidad es un problema a nivel global que enfrenta el siglo XXI y Chile no se escapa de esta realidad. Así como existen características mórbidas de pacientes con obesidad, también existen características craneofaciales similares en estos pacientes. El estado nutricional es un factor que influencia el desarrollo de una persona en general, lo que tiene implicancias en el tratamiento ortodóncico, ortopédico y quirúrgico de las alteraciones maxilo - mandibulares de los pacientes. Objetivo: Investigar si la morfología craneofacial difiere entre los adolescentes obesos y los de peso normal. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, se basó en la comparación de medidas craneofaciales obtenidas del análisis cefalométrico, utilizando teleradiografías laterales, de dos grupos: grupo estudio (IMC mayor a 30, obeso) y grupo control (IMC normal). Resultados: Se observaron dimensiones maxilares y mandibulares mayores en el grupo estudio comparado con los pacientes del grupo control. Las medidas para la dimensión maxilar tuvieron diferencia significativamente estadística. Conclusiones: El aumento de peso es un factor importante que puede afectar los patrones de crecimiento craneofacial y debe ser tomado en consideración durante la planificación del tratamiento ortodoncico en pacientes adolescentes.

Abstract Introduction: Obesity is a global problem in the the 21st century and Chile does not escape this reality. Just as there are morbid characteristics of patients with obesity, there also share similar craniofacial characteristics. Nutritional status is a factor that influences the a person´s general development , which has implications in the orthodontic, orthopedic and surgical treatments of maxillo-mandibular alterations. Objective: Investigate whether craniofacial morphology differs between obese and average-weight adolescents. Methods: A retrospective study based on the comparison of craniofacial measures obtained from the cephalometric analysis, using lateral cephalograms, from two groups: study group (BMI over 30, obese) and control group (normal BMI). Greater maxillary and mandibular dimensions were observed in the study group compared to the patients in the control group. The measurements for de maxillary dimension had a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Weight gain is an important factor that can affect craniofacial growth patterns and should be taken into consideration during the planning of orthodontic treatment in adolescent patients.

Índice de masa corporal elevado y la predicción de disglucemias / High body mass index and dysglycaemia´s prediction

Introducción: La obesidad constituye un importante factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de las disglucemias. A través del índice de masa corporal es posible hacer un diagnóstico rápido del exceso ponderal. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre el índice de masa corporal elevado y la predicción de las disglucemias. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura relevante sobre el tema en el primer trimestre de 2019. Se utilizaron como buscadores de información científica a Pubmed, SciELO y Google Académico. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó los siguientes términos como palabras clave: "obesidad", "sobrepeso corporal", "índice de masa corporal", "exceso de peso", "disglucemias". Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas Web que, en general, tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia específicamente al tema de estudio a través del título. Fueron excluidos los artículos que no cumplieron con estas condiciones. Esto permitió el estudio de 80 referencias bibliográficas, de las cuales 55 se citaron en el presente artículo. Conclusiones: El índice de masa corporal elevado incrementa la resistencia a la acción de la insulina preexistente, a través de diferentes mecanismos. Esto facilita el deterioro del metabolismo de los carbohidratos con la posible aparición de las disglucemias. El empleo de esta relación y de puntos de cortes validados para nuestra población, permitiría un diagnóstico rápido del exceso ponderal y la predicción de una de sus importantes consecuencias, las disglucemias(AU)

Introduction: Obesity is an important independent risk factor for the development of dysglycaemia. A rapid diagnosis of weight excess can be made through the body mass index. Objective: Describe the relationship between high body mass index and prediction of dysglycaemias. Method: A search for relevant literature on the subject was conducted in the first quarter of 2019. Pubmed, SciELO and Google Academic were used as scientific information searchers. The search strategy included the following terms as keywords: "obesity", "body overweight", "body mass index", "excess weight", "dysglycaemias". Review articles, research articles and web pages were evaluated, generally with less than 10 years old, in Spanish, Portuguese and English languages, and specifically referencing the subject of study through the title. Items that did not meet these conditions were excluded. This allowed the study of 80 bibliographic references, of which 55 were cited in this article. Conclusions: The high body mass index increases the resistance to the action of pre-existing insulin, through different mechanisms. This facilitates the deterioration of carbohydrates metabolism with the possible onset of dysglycaemia. The use of this relationship and of validated cut-off points for our population would allow a rapid diagnosis of weight excess and the prediction of one of its important consequences: dysglycaemias(AU)

Hábitos alimentarios y riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en individuos con diagnóstico de obesidad / Food habits and risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 in individuals with a diagnosis of obesity

RESUMEN Introducción: Los malos hábitos alimentarios contribuyen a la aparición de la obesidad, la cual representa un factor de riesgo para el inicio de la diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre hábitos alimentarios y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes con obesidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el consultorio médico de familia número 6 perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario "José Machado Rodríguez", municipio Unión de Reyes, Matanzas, durante el período comprendido entre diciembre 2013 y febrero 2015. El universo lo constituyó un total de 380 pacientes diagnosticados como obesos y se seleccionó una muestra de 186 individuos, según los criterios de selección. Se utilizó el score de riesgo Finish Diabetes Risk Score. Se solicitó el consentimiento asistido de los pacientes. Resultados: Se evidenció un predominio general del sexo femenino (51,61 por ciento), lo que se asocia con el grupo de edad más frecuente de 35 a 54 años (49,46 por ciento). Existió un elevado porcentaje de obesos que adicionan sal a las comidas después de cocidas o al sentarse a la mesa (93,0 por ciento), seguido del consumo de grasa animal para cocinar (52,7 por ciento). Hubo un escaso consumo diario de frutas (15,6 por ciento), y de verduras/hortalizas (25,3 por ciento). Predominaron los pacientes con riesgo alto de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (31,2 por ciento) asociados a 29,6 por ciento con malos hábitos alimentarios dentro de ese grupo. Conclusiones: La obesidad asociada a patrones de alimentación inadecuados predomina en los pacientes considerados laboralmente activos. El mayor porcentaje de individuos con riesgo alto y muy alto de diabetes presenta incorrectos hábitos dietéticos. Existe una asociación porcentual entre los malos hábitos alimentarios y el riesgo estimado de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en individuos obesos(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bad eating habits contribute to the emergence of obesity, which represents a risk factor for the onset of diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine the association between food habits and the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 in patients with obesity. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Family Doctor´s office number 6 belonging to ´´José Machado Rodríguez´´ University Policlinic, in Union de Reyes municipality, Matanzas province, during the period from December 2013 to February 2015. The sample was a total of 380 patients diagnosed as obese and it was selected a sample of 186 individuals, according to the selection criteria. It was used the Finish Diabetes Risk Score risk score. It was requested the assisted consent of patients. Results: There was a general predominance of females (51.61 percent), which is associated with the most frequent age group of 35 to 54 years (49.46 percent). There was a high percentage of obese individuals that add salt to the meals after cooked or while at the table (93.0 percent), followed by consumption of animal fat for cooking (52.7 percent). There was a low daily consumption of fruits (15.6 percent), and vegetables (25.3 percent). There was a predominance of patients at high risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 (31.2 percent) associated with 29.6 percent with bad eating habits within that group. Conclusions: Obesity associated with inadequate feeding patterns prevails in patients considered occupationally active. The highest percentage of individuals with high and very high risk of diabetes presents incorrect dietary habits. There is a percentage association between the bad eating habits and the estimated risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 in obese individuals(AU)

Application of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) on the Prediction of Obesity

Abstract Obesity is the most common chronic disease, due to its ignorance in society. It gives birth to other diseases such as endocrine. The objective of this research is to analyze the different trends of each BMI category and predict its related serious consequences. Data mining based Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique has been applied for this and the accuracy of each BMI category has been calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which is an effective method and potentially applied to medical data sets. The Area Under Curve (AUC) of ROC and predictive accuracy have been calculated for each classified BMI category. Our analysis shows interesting results and it is found that BMI ≥ 25 has the highest AUC and Predictive accuracy compares to other BMI, which claims a good rank of performance. From our trends, it has been explored that at each BMI precaution is mandatory even if the BMI < 18.5 and at ideal BMI too. Development of effective awareness, early monitoring and interventions can prevent its harmful effects on health.

Índice Peso Circunferencia de Cintura como indicador complementario de sobrepeso y obesidad en diferentes grupos de sujetos / Weight Waist Circumference Index as a complementary indicator of overweight and obesity in different groups of subjects

En este estudio se compara el Índice de Peso-Circunferencia de Cintura (IPCC), con los indicadores Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), Índice Cintura-Talla (ICT) y Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal (%GC), en tres grupos de sujetos para determinar que tan eficiente resulta en el diagnósticoo de sobrepeso y obesidad y proponerlo como complemento de los otros indicadores mencionados. Métodos: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, prospectivo y correlacional en una muestra probabilística de 655 sujetos, dividida en tres sub muestras: 455 niños y adolescentes, 97 universitarios y 103 adultos. Variables: edad, sexo, peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura (CC), Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), Índice Cintura Talla (ICT) e Índice de Peso-Circunferencia de Cintura (IPCC), Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal (%GC). Medidas estadísticas: descriptivas, asociación, correlación, comparación de promedios y regresión logística. Resultados: IMC revela, sobrepeso y obesidad mayor en adultos; CC e ICT mayor riesgo en adultos; %GC reporta obesidad en 6,8% niños, 17,9% universitarios y 64,8% adultos. IPCC se comporta normalmente, aumenta con la edad, 15,6% en niños y adolescentes, 14,4% universitarios y 14,6% adultos, en riesgo. Promedios del IPCC por sexo, en niños y adolescentes, no significativos; correlaciona con peso, talla e IMC (r>0,70). Regresión logística evidencia verosimilitud significativa (p<0,001), regresiones mayores a 0,90 y bondad de ajuste significativas (p<0,000). Conclusiones: Considerar el IPCC conjuntamente con otros indicadores para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad(AU)

This study compares the Waist Weight-Circumference Index (WIWC), with the indicators Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-Height Index (WHI) and Body Fat Percentage (BF%), in three groups of subjects to determine how efficient it is in the diagnosis of overweight and obesity and propose it as a complement to the other indicators mentioned. Methods: Methods: exploratory, descriptive, prospective and correlational study in a probabilistic sample of 655 subjects, divided into three sub-samples: 455 children and adolescents, 97 university students and 103 adults. Variables: age, sex, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Height Index (WHI) and Waist Circumference Weight Index (WIWC), Body Fat Percentage (BF%). Statistical measures: descriptive, association, correlation, comparison of averages and logistic regression. Results: BMI reveals, overweight and obesity in adults; CW and WHI increased risk in adults; BF% reports obesity in 6.8% children, 17.9% university students and 64.8% adults. WIWC behaves normally, increases with age, 15.6% in children and adolescents, 14.4% university students and 14.6% adults, at risk. WIWC averages by sex, in children and adolescents, not significant; correlates with weight, height and BMI (r> 0.70). Logistic regression shows significant likelihood (p <0.001), regressions greater than 0.90 and significant goodness of fit (p <0.000). Conclusions: Consider the WIWC together with other indicators to assess overweight and obesity. Keywords: Overweight, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist Size Index, Weight Index Waist Circumference, Body Fat Percentage(AU)

Informe de la situación nutricional de población atendida en Centros de Salud Nivel 1: Año 2018 / Status report nutritional population attended in Level 1 Health Centres: Year 2018

En este informe se presenta información referida a la situación nutricional de la población menor de 19 años, adultos/as y embarazadas atendidas en los Centros de Salud Nivel 1 (CESACs) durante el período 2018. Los diagnósticos de malnutrición incluidos son: déficit, exceso de peso y anemia en población menor de 19 años, adultos/as, y embarazadas.

Valor de corte del índice cintura/cadera como predictor independiente de disglucemias / Cutoff value of the waist-hip ratio as an independent predictor of dysglycemia

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, no existe consenso acerca de qué valor del índice cintura/cadera debe ser considerado de riesgo para identificar disglucemias. Objetivos: Determinar el punto de corte del índice cintura/cadera como predictor de disglucemias para ambos sexos, en personas con sospecha de padecer diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con 975 personas, de ellas 523 mujeres y 452 hombres. La muestra no fue obtenida de población general y no fue aleatoria. A los sujetos se les realizó interrogatorio, examen físico y estudios complementarios. Se determinaron distribuciones de frecuencia de las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se utilizó para el procesamiento estadístico el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, análisis de regresión logística y el análisis de curvas Receiver Operator Characteristic. Se empleó la prueba Chi Cuadrado para evaluar la significación estadística. Resultados: En ambos sexos observamos una correlación directamente proporcional y significativa entre el índice cintura/cadera y las diferentes variables estudiadas, entre ellas: glucemia en ayunas y a las 2h, insulinemia en ayunas, triglicéridos, ácido úrico y el índice de resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR). El colesterol se comportó de la misma forma en los hombres, pero en las mujeres se verificó una correlación débil y no significativa. El punto de corte óptimo del índice cintura/cadera, como predictor independiente de disglucemias, fue de 0,85 en las mujeres y 0,93 en los hombres. El índice cintura/cadera presentó un buen poder predictivo para identificar a sujetos con y sin disglucemias para ambos sexos y superior al de la edad. Conclusiones: El punto de corte óptimo del índice cintura/cadera, como predictor independiente de disglucemias, es de 0,85 en las mujeres y 0,93 en los hombres. Su poder predictor de disglucemias fue bueno(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, there is no consensus about what value of the waist-hip ratio must be considered as a risk to identify dysglycemia. Objectives: To determine the cut-off point of the waist-hip ratio as a predictor of dysglycemias for both sexes, in people suspected of suffering from diabetes mellitus. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 975 people, including 523 women and 452 men. The sample was not obtained from general population and it was not random. The subjects underwent interrogation, physical examination and complementary studies. There were identified frequency distributions of qualitative and quantitative variables. It was used for the statistical processing the Pearson's correlation coefficient, logistic regression analysis and the curves analysis called Receiver Operator Characteristic. It was used the chi-square test to assess the statistical significance. Results: In both sexes, it was observed a directly proportional and significant correlation between the waist-hip ratio and the different variables studied, including: fasting and after 2 hours glycemia, fasting insulinemia, triglycerides, uric acid and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Cholesterol behaved the same way in men, but in women there was a weak and not significant correlation. The optimal cut-point of the waist-hip ratio, as an independent predictor of dysglycemia, was 0.85 in women and 0.93 in men. The waist-hip ratio presented a good predictive power to identify subjects with and without dysglycemia for both sexes and it was higher than that of the age. Conclusions: The optimal cut-point of the waist-hip ratio, as an independent predictor of dysglycemia, was 0.85 in women and 0.93 in men. Its power as predictor of dysglycemia was good(AU)

Evaluación del estado nutricional de niños entre 2 y 13 años mediante antropometría según registros del Hospital Rural de Tomás Manuel de Anchorena de La Pampa en marzo 2018 / Evaluation of the nutritional status of children between 2 and 13 years old through anthropometry according to records of the Rural Hospital of Tomás Manuel de Anchorena of La Pampa province in March 2018

La evaluación nutricional tiende a promover la salud, sea reduciendo el riesgo o sea controlando los posibles efectos patológicos relacionados con una alimentación excesiva o insuficiente. Durante el mes de marzo de 2018, en el Hospital rural de Tomás Manuel de Anchorena, se llevó a cabo el control anual de salud en niños de 2 a 13 años. Para ello se utilizaron índices antropométricos que puedan relacionarse con estándares de normalidad según edad y sexo (peso/edad, talla/edad, peso/talla, índice de masa corporal) y se definieron los indicadores: desnutrición, bajo peso, acorde, sobrepeso y obesidad. Se examinaron 50 niños/as, residentes habituales, de 2 a 13 años de edad, con una distribución por sexo de 48% niñas y 52% niños. Se organizaron 3 grupos según edad, 2 a 6 años (28%), 6 a 11 años (54%) y 11 a 13 años (18%). Se obtuvo una prevalencia de desnutrición del 8%, 22% se encontraba acorde a su edad y sexo, sobrepeso 22%, y obesidad del 38%. Comparado con datos del Programa Nacional de Salud Escolar (PROSANE 2015), la prevalencia de obesidad en nuestro trabajo supera muy significativamente el valor provincial (17,9%) y nacional (21,4%). No pasa lo mismo con los demás indicadores (AU)

The nutritional evaluation tends to promote health, either by reducing the risk or by controlling the possible pathological effects related to excessive or insufficient feeding. During the month of March 2018, in the rural Hospital of Tomás Manuel de Anchorena, the annual health control was carried out on children aged 2 to 13. For this, anthropometric indices were used that can be related to normality standards according to age and sex (weight / age, height / age, weight / height, body mass index) and the indicators were defined: malnutrition, low weight, overweight and obesity. 50 children, habitual residents, from 2 to 13 years of age, with a gender distribution of 48% girls and 52% boys were examined. 3 groups were organized according to age, 2 to 6 years (28%), 6 to 11 years (54%) and 11 to 13 years (18%). There was a prevalence of malnutrition of 8%, 22% were according to their age and sex, overweight 22%, and obesity with 38%. Compared with data from the National School Health Program (PROSANE 2015), the prevalence of obesity in our work significantly exceeds the provincial (17.9%) and national (21.4%) values. The same does not happen with the other indicators (AU)

Effects of Obesity on the pulmonary function test

Aim: To evaluate the effects of increasing BMI on the Respiratory function. Introduction: There is a worldwide increasing prevalence of overweihgt and obesity. Researchers have found that obesity affects the respiratory function leading to different respiratory medical illnesses, including asthma and obstructive deep apnea. The effect of obesity on the pulmonary functiion is assisted using different anthropometric measurements, like BMI, waist circumference, skin fold, etc. So the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of increasing BMI on different respiratory function test measures. Methods: 23 adult males with BMI of 25 and above were included in the study and compared with 18 normal weight adult males with BMI of (18-24.99) regarding different measures of PFT like: FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF. Results: no significant difference was found between the two groupsñ. Conclusions: there were no effects of increasing BMI on the respiratory functions

Relación entre indicadores antropométricos y masa grasa medida por deuterio en escolares costarricenses / Relationship between anthropometric indicators and fat mass measured by deuterium in Costa Rican schoolchildren / Relação entre indicadores antropométricos e massa gordurosa medida por deutério em crianças da escola costarriquenhos

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre la masa grasa expresada como porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) medida por el método de deuterio (D2O) e indicadores antropométricos en escolares costarricenses. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 54 niños y 49 niñas de 6 a 9 años. Se realizaron medidas antropométricas: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de brazo, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia abdominal, pliegue cutáneo subescapular y pliegue cutáneo tricipital. El análisis del %GC se realizó por medio del método de referencia del D2O. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva y se aplicó un análisis de coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para identificar la relación entre las mediciones antropométricas y el %GC obtenido por D2O. En el grupo de escolares, las niñas presentaron valores mayores de talla y pliegue cutáneo tricipital (p<0,05) y %GC obtenida por D2O (p<0,001). Se observó una fuerte correlación entre el %GC medido por D2O y el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de cintura y la circunferencia abdominal tanto en los niños como en las niñas. Se concluye que la circunferencia de cintura y la circunferencia abdominal podrían ser utilizadas conjuntamente con el IMC como herramientas para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad en población escolar, cuando no se cuente con metodologías más precisas que determinen el %GC.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between fat mass (FM) expressed as body fat percentage (%BF) measured by the deuterium method (D2O) and anthropometric indicators in Costa Rican schoolchildren. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed and the participants were 54 boys and 49 girls of ages between six and nine years old. The anthropometric measurements recorded were weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AC), subscapular skinfold (SSF), and tricipital skinfold (TSF). The analysis of %BF was performed by means of D2O reference method. Descriptive statistics and the application of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis identified the relationship between anthropometric measurements and %BF obtained by D2O. From the group of schoolchildren, the girls showed greater values for height and tricipital skinfold (p<0.05) and %BF obtained by D2O (p<0.001). This study evidences a strong correlation between %BF measured by D2O and BMI, WC and AC in both girls and boys. It is concluded that WC and AC could be used together with the IMC as tools for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, when there are no more precise methodologies that determine the %BF.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a relação entre a massa gordurosa (MG), expressa como percentagem de gordura corporal (%GC) medida pelo método de deutério (D2O) e indicadores antropométricos em escolas da Costa Rica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, no qual participaram 54 meninos e 49 meninas com idade entre seis e nove anos. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas: peso, tamanho, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do braço (CB), circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência abdominal (CA), prega cutânea subescapular (PCS) e prega cutânea tricipital (PCT). A análise da %GC foi realizada pelo método de referência D2O, realizou-se uma estatística descritiva e foi aplicada análise coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para identificar a relação entre as medições antropométricas e a %GC obtida por meio do D2O. No grupo de escolares, as meninas apresentaram maiores valores de estatura e PCT (p<0,05) e %GC obtida por D2O (p<0,001). Observou-se uma importante correlação entre %GC medida por D2O e IMC, CC e CA tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas. Conclui-se que a CC e a CA poderiam ser utilizadas conjuntamente com o IMC como ferramenta para o diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade em população escolar, quando não se conte com metodologias mais precisas que determinem o %GC.